state province algeria

This movement accelerated during World War I, when Algerians filled in for French factory workers or served as soldiers. Censorship or Content Restrictions: Some major news outlets faced direct and indirect retaliation for criticism of the government. NGOs reported that employers refused jobs to LGBTI persons, particularly men perceived as effeminate. Women enjoyed rights equal to those of men concerning property ownership, and property titles listed female landowners names. In a divorce, the law provides for the wife to retain the familys home until the children reach age 18. The referendum, parliamentary elections, and local elections saw record low voter turnout. The departments were subdivided Importers of books covering the national movement and the Algerian Revolution must submit the entire text of the books for review, including a secondary review by the Ministry of the Moudjahidine (veterans of the Revolution). A nonresponse after this period of time is considered a rejection. Other Algerians headed to Europe seeking asylum, although France imposed restrictions. )proven reserves: 4,503,900,000,000 cubic meters (2021 est. provinces were predominantly formed by taking the old departments as they were, or by splitting them into two $487.716 billion (2021 est. The facilities were located in Sidi Fredj. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 633,500 bbl/day (2018 est. Laws prohibiting parental abduction do not penalize mothers and fathers differently, and the punishment for convicted kidnappers includes the death penalty. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 352,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Prosecutors may apply to a judge to extend the period before arrested individuals can have access to an attorney. The Ministry authorized the import of only 350 copies ofJeune Afriquefor delivery to various institutions. ), total: 3,790,459 (2020 est. The law requires parties to ensure that at least 30 percent of the candidates on their electoral lists are women. Early and Forced Marriage: The legal minimum age of marriage is 19 for both men and women, but minors may marry with parental consent, regardless of gender. Organizations wishing to initiate regular publications must obtain authorization from the government. Generally speaking, the civil The government allowed undeclared workers to gain credit for social security and retirement benefits for time spent in the informal economy if they repay any taxes owed after registering. The government provided a subsidy for divorced women whose former husbands failed to make child support payments. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 4,100 bbl/day (2018 est. Although this accreditation is required to operate legally, the vast majority of foreign media were not accredited. Many organizations reported that they never received a deposit slip and that even with the receipt; it was difficult to conduct necessary administrative tasks without formal accreditation. More than 100,000 Sahrawis are estimated to be living in five refugee camps in southwestern Algeria near Tindouf. The clause stipulates that if the victim forgives his or her aggressor, any legal action ceases. Local elections took place in November 2021. The DGSNs human rights office, created in July 2017, reported that it was leading seminars and workshops with the National Human Rights Council to provide additional human rights training to its officers. Defamation is not a crime but carries a fine ranging from 100,000 Algerian dinars (DZD) to DZD 500,000 ($850 to $4,252). 1983-12-15: Thirty-one departments re-organized to form 48 provinces (as shown in the first table). These penalties are neither sufficiently stringent nor commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes. 1960-12-03: Six new arrondissements created in Oasis department; two new arrondissements created in Saoura department. There was a census on During the year a womens advocacy group, Wassila Network, received 200 cases of domestic violence. Several human rights NGOs condemned his arrest as an example of harassment and threats to pressure journalists. The government said that it maintained a policy of not removing migrants registered with UNHCR, and that in a few cases it worked with UNHCR to return registered refugees who were mistakenly removed. [6] The Statesman's Year-Book 1981-82. The Ministry of Labor is responsible for enforcing child labor laws and refers violators to the Ministry of Justice for prosecution. Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslims, Shia Muslims, Ibadi Muslims) <1% (2012 est.). Local and international NGOs asserted that police impunity was a problem. )-$18.187 billion (2020 est. The law also stipulates penalties that include imprisonment of two months to two years and fines of DZD 500 to DZD 2,000 ($4.25 to $17) for anyone convicted of having committed a homosexual act. If a minor is involved, the adult may face up to three years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 10,000 ($85). International organizations reported some children had trouble in their attempts to integrate into the educational system but that migrants access to education was improving, particularly in the north of the country. Detainees Ability to Challenge Lawfulness of Detention before a Court: The Code of Criminal Procedure grants the right to appeal a courts order of pretrial detention. ), $11,000 (2021 est. The law prohibits all forms of forced or compulsory labor. )note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt, -$4.608 billion (2021 est. Media reporting and public opinion viewed the absence of charges against the most senior of government officials as an indication of impunity for government officials. )services: 47.4% (2017 est. The Wassila Network described situations in which a victim went to police to report a domestic violence incident and family members convince the victim to forgive the aggressor, resulting in no charges to the aggressor. List of Algerian provinces by population This article has been translated from the Labor standards do not protect economic migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere working in the country without legal immigration status, which made them vulnerable to exploitation. Prison sentences for rape range from five to 10 years, and authorities generally enforced the law. There were no reports of disappearances by or on behalf of government authorities. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women leads a national committee composed of 12 ministries and NGOs that meets yearly to discuss child labor issues. The law grants the government wide-ranging oversight of and influence in the day-to-day activities of civil society organizations. The ministry has not confirmed receipt of fine payment. A coalition of Islamic and secular opposition parties boycotted the election, describing it as a masquerade and asserting that President Bouteflika was unfit to run due to his health. Although ANEP said in September that it represented only 19 percent of the total advertising market, nongovernmental sources assessed the majority of daily newspapers depended on ANEP-authorized advertising to finance their operations. In these cases, authorities permit the arrested person to contact a lawyer after half of the extended time has expired. )solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The Tellian and Saharan Atlas Mountain ranges cross the country from east to west, dividing it into three zones. The government may restrict strikes on a number of grounds, including economic crisis, obstruction of public services, or the possibility of subversive actions. Refoulement: The government provided some protection against the expulsion or return of refugees to countries where their lives or freedom would be threatened because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. Various international humanitarian organizations and observers criticized the operations, citing unacceptable conditions of transport, primarily on the Niger side of the border, and what they described as a lack of coordination among the Algerian Red Crescent, the government of Niger, and the Red Cross of Niger. Arrested individuals reported that authorities held them for four to eight hours before releasing them without charges. the districts. Women may own businesses, enter into contracts, and pursue careers similar to those of men. The DGAPR separates vulnerable persons but provides no consideration for sexual orientation. $41.776 billion (2021 est. Many schools lacked teachers trained to work with children with disabilities, threatening the viability of efforts to mainstream children with disabilities into public schools. The country joined the Human Rights Council in 2014 but continued to deny requests for visits from the UN special rapporteurs on extrajudicial executions (pending since 1998) and counterterrorism and human rights (pending since 2006), the UN Working Group on arbitrary detention (pending since 2009), and the UN Security Council Mali Panel of Experts on Sanctions (since 2016). At the beginning of the 20th century, Algeria was a French colony. Pretrial Detention: Prolonged pretrial detention remained a problem. It requires national-level civil organizations to apply to the Ministry of Interior for permission to operate. Receive small business resources and advice about entrepreneurial info, home based business, For the year the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women, reported that there were 1,127 logged cases of violence against women. Do not travel to: Areas near the eastern and southern borders due to terrorism and kidnapping. The governments lack of transparency over its use of state-funded advertising, however, permitted it to exert undue influence over print media. During the year the ICRC hosted training sessions on human rights standards related to arrest, detention, and interrogation procedures for judicial police from the DGSN and National Gendarmerie, as well as for judges. During the year authorities blocked LGBTI NGOs from organizing meetings. According to the law, associations that apply for accreditation are entitled to receive a response within two months for national organizations, 45 days for interregional-level associations, 40 days for province-level associations, and 30 days for communal organizations. The government issued licenses and subsidies to domestic associations, especially youth, medical, and neighborhood associations. Intelligence activities fall under three intelligence directorates reporting to a presidential national security counselor and performing functions related specifically to internal, external, and technical security. Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and large amounts of public sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. Unions have the right to form and join federations or confederations, and the government recognized four confederations. For example, female migrants were subjected to debt bondage as they worked to repay smuggling debts through domestic servitude, forced begging, and forced prostitution. note: data are in current year dollars$54.259 billion (2019 est. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy, pursuing an explicit import substitution policy. Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 30% of GDP, 60% of budget revenues, and nearly 95% of export earnings. Protests broke out across the country in late February 2019 against President BOUTEFLIKAs decision to seek a fifth term. ), general assessment: Algeria has a steadily developing telecom infrastructure with growth encouraged by supportive regulatory measures and by government policies aimed at delivering serviceable internet connections across the country; mobile broadband is largely based on 3G and LTE, and the data rates are also low in global terms; LTE is available in all provinces, investment is required from the mobile network operators (MNOs) to improve the quality of service; the state has previously been hesitant to commit to 5G, instead encouraging the MNOs to undertake upgrades to LTE infrastructure before investing in commercial 5G services; in March 2022, the state is in the process of freeing up the requisite spectrum to enable the MNOs to launch 5G services sometime this year; fixed internet speeds remain slow (2022)domestic: a limited network of fixed-lines with a teledensity of slightly less than 11 telephones per 100 persons has been offset by the rapid increase in mobile-cellular subscribership; mobile-cellular teledensity was approximately 104 telephones per 100 persons in 2020 (2020)international: country code - 213;ALPAL-2 is a submarine telecommunications cable system in the Mediterranean Sea linking Algeria and the Spanish Balearic island of Majorca;ORVAL is a submarine cable to Spain; landing points for the TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/SeaMeWe-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; MED cable connecting Algeria with France;microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia;Algeria part of the 4,500 Km terrestrial Trans Sahara Backbone network which connects to other fiber networks in the region; Alcomstat-1 satellite offering telemedicine network (2020)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, state-run Radio-Television Algerienne operates the broadcast media and carries programming in Arabic, Berber dialects, and French; use of satellite dishes is widespread, providing easy access to European and Arab satellite stations; state-run radio operates several national networks and roughly 40 regional radio stations, total: 27,626,157 (2020 est. Algeria, officially known as the Peoples Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign North Africa nation along the Mediterranean coast. After Frances defeat in the Franco-German War, settlers felt they could finally gain more land. Exploiters of child labor used methods allegedly learned via the internet to increase their mistreatment of children. In-country Movement: The constitution provides citizens the right to freely choose their place of residence and to move throughout the national territory. The government requires that foreign diplomats and private sector personnel have armed security escorts from the government should members of these groups travel outside of Algiers wilaya (province), El-Oued, and Illizi, near hydrocarbon industry installations and the Libyan border, respectively. According to a 2018 report by the IOM, Algeria has expelled 35,600 Nigeriens to Niger since 2014more than 12,000 in 2018as well as more than 8,000 migrants from other African countries. [8] Webster's Geographical Dictionary. A bloody eight-year struggle culminated in Algerian independence in 1962. Few government officials made their personal wealth public, and there was no known enforcement of the law. )exports of goods and services: 23.6% (2017 est. Algeria's fertility rate experienced an unexpected upturn in the early 2000s, as the average woman's age at first marriage dropped slightly. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process, Section 4. The standard workweek was 40 hours, including one hour for lunch per day. Arabic al-Jazairiya from capital city Algiers, which comes from Arabic al-jaza`ir: the islands, for four ), potatoes, wheat, milk, watermelons, barley, onions, tomatoes, oranges, dates, vegetables, petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing, agriculture: 10.8%industry: 30.9%services: 58.4% (2011 est. Overuse of pretrial detention remained a problem. The Ministry of Justice said the agency was subject to all existing judicial controls that apply to law enforcement agencies. ), improved: urban: 98.3% of populationrural: 91.3% of populationtotal: 96.5% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.7% of populationrural: 8.7% of populationtotal: 3.5% of population (2020 est. According to the NGO Reporters without Borders, private advertising existed but frequently came from businesses with close links to the ruling political party. According to AP reports, some migrants died during the 20-kilometer desert march. Women did not often have exclusive control over assets that they brought to a marriage or that they earned. Police may make arrests without a warrant if they witness the offense. )20.4% of GDP (2016 est. By law, the age for consensual sex is 16. Convicted terrorists had the same rights as other inmates but were held in prisons of varying degrees of security, determined by the danger posed by the prisoners. The Illizi Province is in eastern Algeria and a small portion of western Libya. The ministrys Media Directorate is responsible for issuing and renewing accreditations to foreign media outlets operating in the country. In 2016 the government established an anticybercrime agency charged with coordinating anticybercrime efforts and engaging in preventive surveillance of electronic communications in the interests of national security. An Defla split from Chlef; An Tmouchent split from Sidi Bel Abbs; Bordj Bou Arrridj split from Stif; There were several strikes launched in reaction to the governments refusal to extend official recognition to fledgling new unions and its practice of engaging only with the UGTA. Since then, it has re-organized twice. Participation of Women and Minorities: No laws limit the participation of women and members of minorities in the political process, and women and minorities did participate. Of the daily printed publications, the ministry stated six were state-operated. Security forces routinely detained individuals who participated in unauthorized protests. ), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different Arab and Berber dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. Algeria, the second-largest state in Africa, has a Mediterranean coastline of about 998 kilometers (620 mi.). )female: 0.7% (2020 est. Those determined by UNHCR to have valid refugee claims were primarily from the DRC, Cote dIvoire, Iraq, and the Central African Republic. )126.777 (2020 est. Durable Solutions: The government did not accept refugees from foreign countries for resettlement. [1] Quid 1993, ditions Robert Laffont, Paris, 1992. )$5.666 billion (2018 est. The judiciary was not impartial and was perceived by some observers to be subject to influence and corruption. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions. )permanent pasture: 13.8% (2018 est. In 2020, Algeria held a constitutional referendum, which President TEBBOUNE enacted in January 2021. The government occasionally offered to mediate disputes. Presidential elections took place in 2014, and voters re-elected President Abdelaziz Bouteflika for a fourth term. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. Authorities enter the medical certificate into the detainees file. and Guelma. The government took steps to investigate, prosecute, or punish public officials who committed violations. The decision to strike must be approved by majority vote of workers at a general meeting. Their names were Alger (English: Algiers), The ministry stated that it worked with the Ministry of Education to integrate children with disabilities into public schools to promote inclusion. Section 2. The DGAPR has no legal protections for LGBTI persons in prison arguing that civil protections extend to all people regardless of gender orientation. The list of essential services included banking, radio, and television. Declining oil prices have also reduced the governments ability to use state-driven growth to distribute rents and fund generous public subsidies, and the government has been under pressure to reduce spending. agriculture: 13.3% (2017 est. According to human rights activists, citizens widely believed the government conducted frequent electronic surveillance of a range of citizens, including political opponents, journalists, human rights groups, and suspected terrorists. The law permits polygamy only upon the agreement of the previous and future wife, and the determination of a judge as to the husbands financial ability to support an additional wife. Local authorities refused the follow on request for another event. Office of the U.S. 1974-06: Fifteen departments reorganized to form thirty-one. John Paxton, ed. WebTamanrasset Province's largest state in Algeria. After You can add more than one country or area. Most detainees had prompt access to a lawyer of their choice as accorded by law, and the government provided legal counsel to indigent detainees. After the most recent In January 2018 the government imposed an indefinite suspension on the importation of roughly 850 products, subject to periodic review. The province and its total petroleum system coincide with the Illizi Basin. 1831-12-01: By ordinance, Algeria was divided into civil and military territory. At the same time, legal foreign workers principally from China and Egypt came to work in Algeria's construction and oil sectors. U.S. exports to Algeria totaled $1.2 billion in 2005, an increase of more than 50% since 2003. The southern border has been clearly defined, but the southern Authorities also use summonses to notify and require the accused and the victim to attend a court proceeding or hearing. During the year, the government deported migrants to Mali. ), total: 0.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. In 2002-02, a constitutional amendment recognized Tamazigh (the written language of the largest Berber group) During much 1957-07-01: New department codes assigned to the thirteen departments. The French southward conquest of the entirety of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. However, the French language has continued to occupy an In July, Algerian League for the Defense of Human Rights (LADDH) and 15 representatives from other NGOs gathered at a hotel in Oran to discuss migration.

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